In the Latin Quarter.
Pushing their way through the criss-cross of narrow streets crowded with people and vendors, the four friends head for the Café Momus. Rodolfo gives Mimì a pink bonnet and introduces her to his friends. From a distance Marcello sees Musetta, with whom he has argued but is still in love. Escorted by the old state councillor Alcindoro, Musetta catches sight of Marcello, who pretends not to notice her.

She behaves coquettishly and sings a provocative waltz tune («Quando me’n vo»). Making fun of Alcindoro, she pretends that her shoes are hurting, and dispatches him to buy her a new pair. Reconquered, Marcello approaches Musetta and takes her in his arms. When the old councillor returns, he finds himself alone with a large bill to be settled.